type 2 diabets
:Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is a habitual condition that occurs when your body is not suitable to duly use insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas. People with type 2 diabetes either can not produce enough insulin, have cells that are resistant to the insulin they make, or have a combination of both. When your body lacks insulin, your blood glucose( or, blood sugar) rises. The way your body uses insulin can feel complicated. Then is the breakdown After you eat or drink, your body converts the nutrients from your food into glucose, or sugar. Once the glucose enters your bloodstream, your pancreas is suitable to release insulin into your bloodstream, which uses the glucose as energy to fuel your body or stores it for after use. still, that process does not work as it should moreover because your cells are resistant to the insulin your pancreas produces, or because your pancreas can not produce enough insulin, If you have type 2 diabetes. rather of your body using glucose as energy, the glucose remains in the bloodstream. Over time, high situations of glucose in the blood can affect your organs and apkins. Getting treatment for type 2 diabetes isimportant. However, complications like heart complaint, order complaint, If left undressed. This may sound scary, but type 2 diabetes is a common condition that can be managed with the right treatment and life changes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes mellitus( diabetes), which accounts for 95 of all diabetes cases. There are four sub types of type 2 diabetes, which include Severe insulin-deficient diabetes( SIDD) This sub type represents about 18 of cases. People with SIDD generally are youthful and have a healthy weight. They produce little insulin and may have a poor metabolism. Common complications of SIDD are blindness and whim-whams damage. Severe insulin- resistant diabetes( SIRD) SIRD accounts for about 15 of cases. People with SIRD may have rotundity and can have insulin resistance. order and liver issues are common among people with SIRD. Mild rotundity- related diabetes( MOD) Representing nearly 22 of cases, MOD generally affects people who have rotundity. Unlike SIRD still, people with MOD don't repel insulin. Generally, MOD is a mild form of type 2 diabetes and causes veritably many complications. Mild age- related diabetes( MARD) This is the most common subtype of type 2 diabetes and represents 39 of cases. People with MARD have some difficulty controlling their blood sugar situations. Generally, they've many complications. The threat of MARD generally increases with age. Some people, may have a condition called prediabetes, which can do when your blood sugar is slightly advanced than normal, but not yet in the range for type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes affects one in three grown-ups in the United States. You can reverse prediabetes through life changes, similar as managing weight, eating nutritional foods, and getting regular exercise. still, you may witness a wide range of symptoms,
Symptoms can sometimes be so mild that you don't even notice any changes in your health. In the U.S., approximately half of all people with type 2 diabetes are unaware of their condition.
The primary cause of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance. Unlike type 1 diabetes—which is not preventable—other factors can also increase your risk of developing type 2 diabetes, such as:
Your healthcare provider can use a few tests that measure your blood sugar levels. They may also repeat their testing measures or order multiple tests to confirm or rule out a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.
It is best to only receive a diagnosis from your provider using one of the following tests. Keep in mind: don't diagnose yourself with type 2 diabetes using over-the-counter (OTC) blood testing equipment, like a blood glucose meter.
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) TestYour healthcare provider may ask you to take a FPG test, which requires you to fast for at least eight hours. Usually, it best to schedule this test early in the morning so that you can fast overnight. You will have to skip breakfast, but you are able to sip on water.
During an FPG test, a healthcare provider will draw your blood. They will test your blood sample to check your blood glucose levels. Two FPG tests that show a blood glucose level greater than 126 milligrams of glucose per deciliter of blood indicate diabetes.
A1C TestThis blood test measures your average blood sugar levels over the last three months from whenever you take the test. In contrast to the FPG test, you do not need to fast before receiving an A1C test.
During an A1C test, you will be asked to give a blood sample, which is usually drawn from a vein in your arm. When you get your test results back, you will receive a percentage which indicates what percentage of your blood proteins are coated with sugar. Normal A1C levels are less than 5.7%, prediabetes is 5.7% to 6.4%, and diabetes is 6.5% or higher.
Random Plasma Glucose (RPG) TestSometimes, your healthcare provider may choose to an RPG test to measure blood sugar levels. This test does not require fasting so your provider may ask you to take it at any point in the day.
When you receive your results, your provider can determine an official diabetes diagnosis if you have more than 200 milligrams of glucose per deciliter of blood.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)Also called a glucose tolerance test, an OGTT diagnoses prediabetes and diabetes. Similar to an FPG test, this test will also require you to fast overnight before you get your blood drawn.
After your healthcare provider takes a sample of your blood, they will ask you to consume a sugary drink. For the next two to three hours, they will repeatedly draw your blood to measure how your blood sugar levels respond to the sugary drink.
Urine TestHistorically, urine tests were more common to use than blood tests. However, urine test results are now less accurate than blood test results. Even so, your healthcare provider may still use it to measure blood sugar if there is any difficulty drawing your blood or if they're using the urine test as an alternative to a diabetes screening.
If you receive a diagnosis for type 2 diabetes, the goal of treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels down and keep them in a healthy range. Treatments can vary based on the severity of your condition, your lifestyle, and your overall health.
Some people with type 2 diabetes take oral medications to keep their blood sugar in control. Insulin injections are more common for people with type 1 diabetes, but your healthcare provider offer insulin injections if other treatments aren't working for you.
In most cases, your can manage your blood sugar by making healthy lifestyle changes, such as:
The research cited in this article claims that weight loss can prevent or help treat a chronic condition. An individual’s weight is affected by a variety of biological, environmental, and social factors. Health.com does not promote or condone weight loss that’s not under the care of a healthcare provider. Please contact your healthcare provider if you’re concerned about losing weight responsibly and healthfully.
Nearly 90 million adults in the United States have prediabetes. About 84% of those people have no idea that their blood sugar is higher than average. It's possible to stop prediabetes and prevent it from progressing into type 2 diabetes.
The best way to prevent type 2 diabetes is to shift toward a healthier lifestyle. If you or your healthcare provider think you may be at risk for developing type 2 diabetes, you can try taking some of these steps to lower your risk:
The National Diabetes Prevention Program offers a Lifestyle Change Program. The program pairs you with a health coach who helps you change your lifestyle. The coaches can counsel you on adopting a heart-healthy diet, fitting daily physical activity into your schedule, and reducing stress. Some programs are free. Other programs may have a feel, but some insurance plans may help you cover the cost.
People with type 2 diabetes may also be at risk for developing other conditions that can also affect their blood sugar levels and overall health. Some of these co-occurring conditions include:
Type 2 diabetes can impact your your physical and emotional health. If you receive a diagnosis for type 2 diabetes, getting treatment early can help improve your symptoms and your overall quality of life.
When you have a chronic condition, you may experience sadness or frustration from time to time. It's OK to feel this way and it's important for you to know that these feelings are normal. But, you don't have to deal with your condition alone and there are ways to cope with your emotions.
Some ways to manage your overall health include:
Type 2 diabetes can be a life-changing diagnosis. But, making healthy changes can help you live a fulfilling life.
People with type 2 diabetes do not produce enough or resist insulin. When your body does not have enough insulin, your blood sugar rises and leaves you at risk for developing serious complications if left untreated.
The good news is that getting a diagnosis and receiving proper treatment can help you manage the condition. While there is no cure for type 2 diabetes, medication and lifestyle changes can help lower your blood sugar.
Everything You Need to Know About Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to simply as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar.
The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy. With diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it does make.
Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes can damage your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs. But educating yourself about diabetes and taking steps to prevent or manage it can help you protect your health.
There are a few different types of diabetes:
A rare condition called diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes mellitus, although it has a similar name. It’s a different condition in which your kidneys remove too much fluid from your body.
Each type of diabetes has unique symptoms, causes, and treatments.
Learn more about how these types differ from one another.
Prediabetes is the term that’s used when your blood sugar is higher than expected, but it’s not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. It occurs when the cells in your body don’t respond to insulin the way they should. This can lead to type 2 diabetes down the road.
Experts suggest that more than 1 in 3 Americans have prediabetes, but over 80% of people with prediabetes don’t even know it.
Diabetes symptoms are caused by rising blood sugar.
General symptomsThe symptoms of type 1, type 2, and type 1.5 (LADA) are the same, but they occur in a shorter period than types 2 and 1.5. In type 2, the onset tends to be slower. Tingling nerves and slow-healing sores are more common in type 2.
Left untreated, type 1, in particular, can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. This is when there is a dangerous level of ketones in the body. It’s less common in other types of diabetes, but still possible.
The general symptoms of diabetes include:
Symptoms in menIn addition to the general symptoms of diabetes, men with diabetes may have:
Symptoms in womenWomen with diabetes can have symptoms such as:
Gestational diabetesMost people who develop gestational diabetes don’t have any symptoms. Healthcare professionals often detect the condition during a routine blood sugar test or oral glucose tolerance test, which is usually performed between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy.
In rare cases, a person with gestational diabetes will also experience increased thirst or urination.
The bottom lineDiabetes symptoms can be so mild that they’re hard to spot at first. Learn which signs should prompt a trip to the doctor.
Different causes are associated with each type of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetesDoctors don’t know exactly what causes type 1 diabetes. For some reason, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Genes may play a role in some people. It’s also possible that a virus sets off an immune system attack.
Type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes stems from a combination of genetics and lifestyle factors. Having overweight or obesity increases your risk, too. Carrying extra weight, especially in your belly, makes your cells more resistant to the effects of insulin on your blood sugar.
This condition runs in families. Family members share genes that make them more likely to get type 2 diabetes and to be overweight.
Type 1.5 diabetesType 1.5 is an autoimmune condition that occurs when the pancreas is attacked by your own antibodies. as in type 1. It may be genetic, but more research is needed.
Gestational diabetesGestational diabetes occurs as the result of hormonal changes during pregnancy. The placenta produces hormones that make a pregnant person’s cells less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This can cause high blood sugar during pregnancy.
People who are overweight when they get pregnant or who gain too much weight during pregnancy are more likely to get gestational diabetes.
The bottom lineBoth genes and environmental factors play a role in triggering diabetes.
Get more information on the causes of diabetes.
Certain factors increase your risk for diabetes.
Type 1 diabetesYou’re more likely to get type 1 diabetes if you’re a child or teenager, you have a parent or sibling with the condition, or you carry certain genes that are linked to the disease.
Type 2 diabetesYour risk for type 2 diabetes increases if you:
Type 2 diabetes also disproportionately affects certain racial and ethnic populations.
Adults who have African American, Hispanic or Latino American, or Asian American ancestry are more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes than white adults, according to 2016 research. They’re also more likely to experience decreased quality of care and increased barriers to self-management.
Type 1.5 diabetesType 1.5 diabetes is found in adults over 30 and is often mistaken for type 2, but people with this condition are not necessarily overweight, and oral medications and lifestyle changes have no effect.
Gestational diabetesYour risk for gestational diabetes increases if you:
The bottom lineYour family history, environment, and preexisting medical conditions can all affect your odds of developing diabetes.
Find out which risks you can control and which ones you can’t.
High blood sugar damages organs and tissues throughout your body. The higher your blood sugar is and the longer you live with it, the greater your risk for complications.
Complications associated with diabetes include:
Gestational diabetesUnmanaged gestational diabetes can lead to problems that affect both the mother and baby. Complications affecting the baby can include:
A pregnant person with gestational diabetes can develop complications such as high blood pressure (preeclampsia) or type 2 diabetes. You may also require cesarean delivery, commonly referred to as a C-section.
The risk of gestational diabetes in future pregnancies also increases.
The bottom lineDiabetes can lead to serious medical complications, but you can manage the condition with medications and lifestyle changes.
Avoid the most common diabetes complications with these helpful tips.
Doctors treat diabetes with a few different medications. Some are taken by mouth, while others are available as injections.
Type 1 and 1.5 diabetesInsulin is the main treatment for type 1 and 1.5 diabetes. It replaces the hormone your body isn’t able to produce.
Various types of insulin are commonly used by people with type 1 and 1.5 diabetes. They differ in how quickly they start to work and how long their effects last:
Diet and exercise can help some people manage type 2 diabetes. If lifestyle changes aren’t enough to lower your blood sugar, you’ll need to take medication.
These drugs lower your blood sugar in a variety of ways:
You may need to take more than one of these medications. Some people with type 2 diabetes also take insulin.
Gestational diabetesIf you receive a diagnosis of gestational diabetes, you’ll need to monitor your blood sugar level several times per day during pregnancy. If it’s high, dietary changes and exercise may be enough to bring it down.
Research has found that about 15% to 30% of women who develop gestational diabetes will need insulin to lower their blood sugar. Insulin is safe for the developing baby.
The bottom lineThe treatment regimen your doctor recommends will depend on the type of diabetes you have and its cause.
Check out this list of the various medications that are available to treat diabetes.
Healthy eating is a central part of managing diabetes. In some cases, changing your diet may be enough to manage the disease.
Types 1 and 1.5 diabetesYour blood sugar level rises or falls based on the types of foods you eat. Starchy or sugary foods make blood sugar levels rise rapidly. Protein and fat cause more gradual increases.
Your medical team may recommend that you limit the amount of carbohydrates you eat each day. You’ll also need to balance your carb intake with your insulin doses. Counting carbs helps to balance the carb intake with the insulin doses.
Check out this guide to starting a type 1 diabetes diet.
Type 2 diabetesEating the right types of foods can both manage your blood sugar and help you lose any excess weight.
Carb counting is an important part of eating for type 2 diabetes. A dietitian can help you figure out how many grams of carbohydrates to eat at each meal.
In order to keep your blood sugar levels steady, try to eat small meals throughout the day. Emphasize healthy foods such as:
Certain other foods can hurt efforts to manage your blood sugar.
Discover the foods you should avoid if you have diabetes.
Gestational diabetesEating a well-balanced diet is important for both you and your baby during these 9 months. Making the right food choices can also help you avoid diabetes medications.
Watch your portion sizes, and limit sugary or salty foods. Although you need some sugar to feed your growing baby, you should avoid eating too much. Check out other do’s and don’ts for healthy eating with gestational diabetes.
The bottom lineWork with a registered dietitian if you have access to one. They can help you design an individualized diabetes meal plan. Getting the right balance of protein, fat, and carbs can help you manage your blood sugar.
Along with diet and treatment, exercise plays an essential role in diabetes management. This is true for all types of diabetes.
Staying active helps your cells react to insulin more effectively and lower your blood sugar levels. Exercising regularly can also help you:
If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, general guidance is to aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. There are currently no separate exercise guidelines for people who have gestational diabetes. But if you’re pregnant, start out slowly and gradually increase your activity level over time to avoid overdoing it.
Diabetes-friendly exercises include:
Talk with your doctor about safe ways to incorporate activity into your diabetes management plan. You may need to follow special precautions, like checking your blood sugar before and after working out and making sure to stay hydrated.
Consider working with a personal trainer or exercise physiologist who has experience working with people who have diabetes. They can help you develop a personalized workout plan tailored to your needs.
Anyone who has symptoms of diabetes or is at risk for the condition should be tested. People are routinely tested for gestational diabetes during their second trimester or third trimester of pregnancy.
Doctors use these blood tests to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes:
To diagnose gestational diabetes, your doctor will test your blood sugar levels between the 24th week and 28th week of pregnancy. There are two types of tests:
The earlier you are diagnosed with diabetes, the sooner you can start treatment. Find out whether you should get tested, and get more information on tests your doctor might perform.
If you don’t already have a primary care specialist, you can browse doctors in your area through the Healthline FindCare tool.
Type 1 and type 1.5 diabetes are not preventable because they are caused by an issue with the immune system. Some causes of type 2 diabetes, such as your genes or age, aren’t under your control either.
Yet many other diabetes risk factors are manageable. Most diabetes prevention strategies involve making simple adjustments to your diet and fitness routine.
If you’ve received a diagnosis of prediabetes, here are a few things you can do to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes:
These aren’t the only ways to prevent diabetes. Discover more strategies that may help you avoid this chronic health condition.
People who’ve never had diabetes can suddenly develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Hormones produced by the placenta can make your body more resistant to the effects of insulin.
Pre-gestational diabetesPeople can have diabetes before they conceive and carry it with them into pregnancy. This is called pre-gestational diabetes.
Risks to your newbornDiabetes during pregnancy can lead to complications for your newborn, such as jaundice or breathing problems.
If you’re diagnosed with pre-gestational or gestational diabetes, you’ll need special monitoring to prevent complications.
Does gestational diabetes disappear on its own?Gestational diabetes should go away after you deliver, but it does significantly increase your risk of getting diabetes later. About half of people with gestational diabetes will go on to develop type 2 diabetes.
Children can get both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Managing blood sugar is especially important in young people because diabetes can damage important organs such as the heart and kidneys.
Type 1 diabetesThe autoimmune form of diabetes often starts in childhood. One of the main symptoms is increased urination. Kids with type 1 diabetes may start wetting the bed after they’ve been toilet trained.
Extreme thirst, fatigue, and hunger are also signs of the condition. It’s important that children with type 1 diabetes get treatment right away. The condition can cause high blood sugar, dehydration, and diabetic keto acidosis (DKA), which can be medical emergencies.
Type 2 diabetesType 1 diabetes used to be called juvenile diabetes because type 2 was so rare in children. Now that more children have overweight or obesity, type 2 diabetes is becoming more common in this age group.
Some children living with type 2 diabetes don’t experience symptoms. Others may experience:
Type 2 diabetes is often diagnosed based on medical history, a physical exam, and blood work.
Untreated type 2 diabetes can cause lifelong complications, including heart disease, kidney disease, and blindness. Healthy eating and exercise can help your child manage their blood sugar and prevent these problems.
Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent than ever in young people. Learn how to spot the signs so you can report them to your child’s doctor.
Some types of diabetes — like types 1 and 1.5 — are caused by factors that are out of your control. Others — like type 2 — can be prevented by making better food choices, increasing activity, and losing weight.
Discuss potential diabetes risks with your doctor. If you’re at risk, have your blood sugar tested and follow your doctor’s advice for managing your blood sugar.
Best Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes
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